Contents

• • pg_readme_version: 0.6.5
• The pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions extension for PostgreSQL
  • The origins of the pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions extension
  • Authors and contributors
  • Object reference
    • Routines
  • Colophon

---

pg_extension_name: pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions pg_extension_version: 0.11.9 pg_readme_generated_at: 2024-01-05 20:56:38.461171+00

pg_readme_version: 0.6.5

The pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions extension for PostgreSQL

The pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions PostgreSQL extension offers a bunch of trigger functions to help establish and/or maintain referential integrity for columns that reference PostgreSQL ROLE NAMEs.

pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions contains two trigger functions which can be applied as a table CONSTRAINT TRIGGER:

1. enforce_fkey_to_db_role() enforces referential integrity by getting angry when you try to INSERT or UPDATE a row value that is not an existing ROLE.
2. maintain_referenced_role() establishes referential integrity by CREATEing, ALTERing, and DROPing ROLEs to stay in sync with the value(s) in the column(s) being watched by the trigger function.

Thus:

1. enforce_fkey_to_db_role() works very much like foreign keys normally works; while
2. maintain_referenced_role() works exactly in the opposite direction that foreign keys normally work.

There is also a third trigger function, to maintain role inter-relationships: grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2().

See the documentation for the grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2() trigger function for an example that builds on all 3 trigger functions.

The origins of the pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions extension

pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions, together with quite a sizeable bunch of other PostgreSQL extensions, originated from the stables of the super-scalable FlashMQ managed MQTT hosting platform. Its author, responsible for the PostgreSQL backend of flashmq.com, found that a lot of the Postgres functionality that started within the walls of that project deserved wider exposure, even if just to make it easier for him and his colleagues to reuse their craftwork across different projects.

And public release turns out to improve discipline:

• around the polishing of rough edges;
• around documentation completeness and up-to-dateness; and
• around keeping the number of interdependencies to a minimum (thus improving the architecture of the system using those extensions).

Authors and contributors

• Rowan originated this extension in 2022 while developing the PostgreSQL backend for the FlashMQ SaaS MQTT cloud broker. Rowan does not like to see himself as a tech person or a tech writer, but, much to his chagrin, he is. Some of his chagrin about remaining stuck in the IT industry for too long he poured into a book: Why Programming Still Sucks. Much more than a “tech bro”, he identifies as a garden gnome, fairy and ork rolled into one, and his passion is really to regreen and reenchant his environment. One of his proudest achievements is to be the third generation ecological gardener to grow the wild garden around his beautiful family holiday home in the forest of Norg, Drenthe, the Netherlands (available for rent!).

Object reference

Routines

Function: enforce_fkey_to_db_role()

The enforce_fkey_to_db_role() trigger function is meant to be used for constraint triggers that raise a foreign_key_violation exception when you are trying to INSERT or UPDATE a value in the given column that is not a valid ROLE name.

enforce_fkey_to_db_role() takes one argument: the name of a column that is to be treated as a foreign key to a database ROLE.

The following example establishes a constraint trigger such that you can only set values for the row_owner_role column that are valid row names; anything else will cause a foreign_key_violation to be raised:

```sql create table test__tbl ( id int primary key, row_owner_role name not null unique );

create constraint trigger row_owner_role_must_exist after insert or update on test__tbl for each row execute function enforce_fkey_to_db_role('row_owner_role'); ```

Sadly, it is (presently, with PostgreSQL 15) not possible to provide support for ON DELETE and ON UPDATE options because PostgreSQL event triggers do not catch DDL commands that CREATE, ALTER, and DROP roles. Otherwise, we could have an event trigger that also gets upset if you invalidate the FK role relationship after INSERTing or UPDATEing a initially valid ROLE name.

Function return type: trigger

Function: grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2()

The grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2() trigger function is useful if you have a table with (probably auto-generated) role names that need to be members of each other.

grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2() requires at least 2 arguments: argument 1 will contain the name of the column that will contain the role name which the role in the column of the second argument will be automatically made a member of.

If you want the old GRANT to be REVOKEd ON UPDATE, use the companion trigger function: revoke_role_in_column1_from_role_in_column2().

Here's a full example, that also incorporates the other two trigger functions packaged into this extension:

```sql create role customers;

create table test__customer ( account_owner_role name primary key default 'user_' || gen_random_uuid()::text, account_manager_role name not null );

create constraint trigger account_manager_role_fkey after insert or update to test__customer for each row execute function enforce_fkey_to_db_role('account_manager_role');

create trigger account_owner_role_fkey after insert or update or delete to test__customer for each row execute function maintain_referenced_role( 'account_owner_role', 'IN ROLE customers' );

create trigger grant_owner_impersonation_to_account_manager after insert to test__customer for each row execute function grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2( 'account_owner_role', 'account_manager_role' ); ```

See the test__pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions() procedure for a more extensive example.

Function return type: trigger

Function attributes: SECURITY DEFINER

Function: maintain_referenced_role()

The maintain_referenced_role() trigger function performs an CREATE, ALTER, or DROP ROLE, depending on (changes to) the column value which must point to a valid ROLE name.

maintain_referenced_role() takes at least one argument: the name of the column (of type NAME) in which the ROLE name will be stored.

Additionally, maintain_referenced_role() can take a second argument: the options which will be passed to the CREATE and ALTER ROLE commands exeuted by this function.

This trigger function is meant for roles that are to be dynamically created, altered and dropped, not for verifying the relational integrity of existing roles; see enforce_fkey_to_db_role() for the latter.

The following example will first make test__owner pop into existence on INSERT, then be renamed automaticall to test__new_owner on UPDATE and finally dropped again, triggered by the DELETE.:

```sql create table test__tbl ( owner_role name );

create trigger maintain_owner_role after insert or update on test__tbl for each row execute function maintain_referenced_role('owner_role', 'WITH NOLOGIN');

insert into test__tbl (owner_role) values ('test__owner');

update test__tbl set owner_role = 'test__new_owner';

delete from test__tbl where rolname = 'test__new_owner'; ```

Function return type: trigger

Function attributes: SECURITY DEFINER

Function-local settings:

• SET search_path TO pg_catalog

Function: pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions_meta_pgxn()

Returns the JSON meta data that has to go into the META.json file needed for PGXN—PostgreSQL Extension Network—packages.

The Makefile includes a recipe to allow the developer to: make META.json to refresh the meta file with the function's current output, including the default_version.

And indeed, pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions can be found on the PGXN—PostgreSQL Extension Network: https://pgxn.org/dist/pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions/

Function return type: jsonb

Function attributes: STABLE

Function: pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions_readme()

This function utilizes the pg_readme extension to generate a thorough README for this extension, based on the pg_catalog and the COMMENT objects found therein.

Function return type: text

Function-local settings:

• SET search_path TO role_fkey_trigger_functions, pg_temp
• SET pg_readme.include_view_definitions TO true
• SET pg_readme.include_routine_definitions_like TO {test__%}

Function: revoke_role_in_column1_from_role_in_column2()

Use this trigger function, in concert with grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2(), if, ON UPDATE, you also want to REVOKE the old permissions granted earlier by grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2().

Beware: This function cannot read your mind and thus will not be aware if there is still another relation that depends on the role in column 2 remaining a member of the role in column 1. As always: use at your own peril.

Function return type: trigger

Function attributes: SECURITY DEFINER

Procedure: test_dump_restore__maintain_referenced_role (text)

Procedure arguments:

| Arg. # | Arg. mode | Argument name | Argument type | Default expression | | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | | $1 | IN | test_stage$ | text | |

Procedure-local settings:

• SET search_path TO role_fkey_trigger_functions, pg_temp
• SET plpgsql.check_asserts TO true
• SET pg_readme.include_this_routine_definition TO true

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE role_fkey_trigger_functions.test_dump_restore__maintain_referenced_role(IN "test_stage$" text) LANGUAGE plpgsql SET search_path TO 'role_fkey_trigger_functions', 'pg_temp' SET "plpgsql.check_asserts" TO 'true' SET "pg_readme.include_this_routine_definition" TO 'true' AS $procedure$ declare insertedaccount_owner_role name; begin assert test_stage$ in ('pre-dump', 'post-restore');

if test_stage$ = 'pre-dump' then
    create role test__customer_group;
    create role test__account_manager;

    create table test__customer (
        account_owner_role name
            primary key
            default 'user_' || gen_random_uuid()::text,
        account_manager_role name
            not null
    );

    create trigger account_owner_role_fkey
        after insert or update or delete on test__customer
        for each row
        execute function maintain_referenced_role(
            'account_owner_role', 'IN ROLE test__customer_group'
        );

    create trigger account_manager_role_fkey
        after insert or update on test__customer
        for each row
        execute function enforce_fkey_to_db_role(
            'account_manager_role'
        );

    insert into test__customer
        (account_owner_role, account_manager_role)
    values
        (default, 'test__account_manager'::regrole)
    returning
        account_owner_role
    into
        _inserted_account_owner_role
    ;

    assert exists (select from pg_roles where rolname = _inserted_account_owner_role),
        'The role should have been created by the maintain_referenced_role() trigger function.';

elsif test_stage$ = 'post-restore' then
    assert (select count(*) from test__customer) = 1,
        'Records should have been recreated without crashing.';

    _inserted_account_owner_role := (select account_owner_role from test__customer);

    -- Now, let's lazily pretend that the database has been dropped and recreated
    truncate table test__customer;  -- This should not trigger the `account_owner_role_fkey` trigger.

    insert into test__customer
        (account_owner_role, account_manager_role)
    values
        (_inserted_account_owner_role, 'test__account_manager'::regrole)
    ;
end if;

end; $procedure$ ```

Procedure: test__pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions()

Procedure-local settings:

• SET search_path TO role_fkey_trigger_functions, pg_temp
• SET plpgsql.check_asserts TO true
• SET pg_readme.include_this_routine_definition TO true

```sql CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE role_fkey_trigger_functions.test__pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions() LANGUAGE plpgsql SET search_path TO 'role_fkey_trigger_functions', 'pg_temp' SET "plpgsql.check_asserts" TO 'true' SET "pg_readme.include_this_routine_definition" TO 'true' AS $procedure$ declare insertedaccount_owner_role name; updatedaccount_owner_role name; begin create role test__customer_group; create role test__account_manager; create role test__new_account_manager;

create table test__customer (
    account_owner_role name
        primary key
        default 'user_' || gen_random_uuid()::text,
    account_manager_role name
        not null
);

create constraint trigger tg1_account_manager_role_fkey
    after insert or update on test__customer
    for each row
    execute function enforce_fkey_to_db_role('account_manager_role');

create trigger tg2_account_owner_role_fkey
    after insert or update or delete on test__customer
    for each row
    execute function maintain_referenced_role(
        'account_owner_role', 'IN ROLE test__customer_group'
    );

create trigger tg3_grant_owner_impersonation_to_account_manager
    after insert on test__customer
    for each row
    execute function grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2(
        'account_owner_role', 'account_manager_role'
    );

create trigger tg4_revoke_owner_impersonation_from_old_account_manager
    after update on test__customer
    for each row
    when (NEW.account_manager_role is distinct from OLD.account_manager_role)
    execute function revoke_role_in_column1_from_role_in_column2(
        'account_owner_role', 'account_manager_role'
    );

create trigger tg5_grant_owner_impersonation_to_new_account_manager
    after update on test__customer
    for each row
    when (NEW.account_manager_role is distinct from OLD.account_manager_role)
    execute function grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2(
        'account_owner_role', 'account_manager_role'
    );

<<insert_invalid_role_reference>>
begin
    insert into test__customer
        values (default, 'test__account_manager_that_doesnt_exist');
    raise assert_failure
        using message = 'The trigger function should have gotten upset about the missing `ROLE`.';
exception
    when foreign_key_violation then
        assert sqlerrm = 'Unknown database role: test__account_manager_that_doesnt_exist';
end;

<<insert_existing_role>>
begin
    create role test__preexisting_user;
    insert into test__customer
        values ('test__preexisting_user', 'test__account_manager'::regrole);
    raise assert_failure
        using message = 'The trigger function should have gotten upset about the existing `ROLE`.';
exception
    when integrity_constraint_violation then
        assert sqlerrm = 'Role test__preexisting_user already exists.',
            sqlerrm;
end;

insert into test__customer
    (account_owner_role, account_manager_role)
values
    (default, 'test__account_manager'::regrole)
returning
    account_owner_role
into
    _inserted_account_owner_role
;

assert exists (select from pg_roles where rolname = _inserted_account_owner_role),
    'The role should have been created by the maintain_referenced_role() trigger function.';

assert pg_has_role(_inserted_account_owner_role, 'test__customer_group', 'USAGE'),
    'The new role should have became a member of the "test__customer_group".';

assert pg_has_role('test__account_manager'::regrole, _inserted_account_owner_role, 'USAGE'),
    'The account manager should have gotten access to the new owner role by action of the'
    ' grant_role_in_column1_to_role_in_column2() trigger function';

<<set_invalid_role_reference>>
begin
    update test__customer
        set account_manager_role = 'test__invalid_account_manager';
    raise assert_failure
        using message = 'The trigger function should have gotten upset about the missing `ROLE`.';
exception
    when foreign_key_violation then
        assert sqlerrm = 'Unknown database role: test__invalid_account_manager';
end;

-- Dummy update, to check for rogue trigger behaviour
update test__customer
    set account_manager_role = account_manager_role;

_updated_account_owner_role := 'test__custom_user_name';
update test__customer
    set account_owner_role = _updated_account_owner_role;

assert exists (select from pg_roles where rolname = _updated_account_owner_role);
assert not exists (select from pg_roles where rolname = _inserted_account_owner_role);
assert pg_has_role(_updated_account_owner_role, 'test__customer_group', 'USAGE');
assert pg_has_role('test__account_manager', _updated_account_owner_role, 'USAGE');

update test__customer
    set account_manager_role = 'test__new_account_manager'::regrole;
assert not pg_has_role('test__account_manager', _updated_account_owner_role, 'USAGE'),
    'The old account manager should have lost impersonation rights on this customer.';
assert pg_has_role('test__new_account_manager', _updated_account_owner_role, 'USAGE'),
    'The new account manager should have gotten impersonation rights on this customer.';

delete from test__customer;
assert not exists (select from pg_roles where rolname = _updated_account_owner_role);

raise transaction_rollback;

exception when transaction_rollback then end; $procedure$ ```

Colophon

This README.md for the pg_role_fkey_trigger_functions extension was automatically generated using the pg_readme PostgreSQL extension.